The field is stationary and generated through main poles on stator frame. Massachusetts institute of technology 1 introduction this is a concept paper in response to the foa entitled rare earth alternatives in critical technologies for energy react. Principles of operation of synchronous machines the synchronous electrical generator also called alternator belongs to the family of electric rotating machines. The torque tube consists of a large diameter stationary housing between the transmission and rear end that fully encloses a rotating. An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Machine powered by electricity that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy rotation. It is a forced ventilated machine arranged for axle mounting on sleeve bearing. The armature winding is a closed winding through the commutator and current is supplied through the brushes. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. The universal motor is a type of electric motor that can operate on either ac or dc power and. The working of dc motor is based on the principle that when a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a mechanical force. Traction motors manufactured and remanufactured by swiger coil, operate passenger rail cars and locomotives in the united states, canada, australia, europe, africa and asia.
This creates a resistance to current flow due to backelectromotive flow, which causes the main generator voltage to rise. This simple diagram shows the principal of the linear motor. These types of motors are known as selfstarting induction motors. Thus we cannot combine this rotor circuit with the stator equivalent circuit of fig. Three phase primary winding is mounted on stator distributed spatially at 120 degree. An electrical motor is an electromechanical device which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Working principle of dc servo motor a dc servo motor is an assembly of four major components, namely a dc motor, a position sensing device, a gear assembly, and a control circuit. Motors are the work horses of hybrid electric vehicle drive systems. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine.
Louis motor, long used in classrooms to illustrate motor principles. Induction motors in practice what controls the speed of an ac motor. Design principles of permanent magnet synchronous machines for parallel hybrid or traction applications article pdf available in ieee transactions on industrial electronics 6011. Some of the technical discussion is based on work that has been reported in a conference publication1. Connecting wireless, critical links, data acquisition, daves power trips. Study on the method of traction motor load simulation on. Torque in the rotor winding is developed by the interaction between this rotor current and the stator rotating magnetic field. At its beginnings, it was mainly utilised in the central european mines with diffe rent means of traction being applied. When fields are reversed, traction motors change their direction of rotation, with the. Review of characteristics of different types of dc and ac motors used traction and their suitability moduleiv 10 hours rating and heating of electric drives, power loss, heating and cooling of motors, classes and duty and selection of motors, drives for.
Most designs combine a large electrical generator and a motor into one unit, often located between the combustion. These motors need electric power to run, and the source that supplies this power is what differentiates diesel and electric locomotives. Rotating magnetic field an overview sciencedirect topics. Allelectric vehicles evs have an electric motor instead of an internal combustion engine. How do traction motors work in electric locomotives. Consisting of heavy wire wound inside of the motors case known as the field windings and wire wound around the motors inner shaft called the armature, the electric power is transported between the two elements through brushes. Ac induction motors how ac motors work explain that stuff. The speed and torque of the motor are controlled by varying the frequency, voltage and current applied to the stator coils. Like all other motors, bldc motors also have a rotor and a stator. Between the wheels and the rails, usually the return current flows well, but conductivity may be reduced in cases of dirt and debris on the rails, or if embedded particles of soot, coal dust, or films of oil, etc. Review on the traction system sensor technology of a rail transit train jianghua feng, junfeng xu, wu liao and yong liu. In synchronous ac motors, the rotor turns at exactly the same speed as the rotating magnetic field. So to protect generators from their limitations, traction motor transition happens to combat this.
The direction of the mechanical force is given by flemings lefthand rule and its magnitude is given by f bil newton. My pm servo motors may be chopping the dc to control power but they are only chopping the dc, not inverting it with every chop. The universal motor is very similar to a dc series motor in construction, but is modified. The operating principle of a general fuel cell is demonstrated.
Later when the car achieves a higher speed the petrol engine kicks in and the car runs both on the. Put a mechanical commutator on the ac pm servo motor and it will work on dc. Adding further to your knowledge, there are two types of motor with used in electric traction in india i. It provided the right torque characteristic for railway operation and was reasonably simple to control. A traction motor is an electric motor used for propulsion of a vehicle, such as locomotives, electric or hydrogen vehicles, elevators or electric multiple unit traction motors are used in electrically powered rail vehicles electric multiple units and other electric vehicles including electric milk floats, elevators, roller coasters, conveyors, and trolleybuses, as well as vehicles with. Locomotives work based on a really simple principle. Therefore, theoretically, construction of a dc motor is same as that of a dc generator.
Working principle of a dc motor an electric motor is an electrical machine which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Working of toyota hybrid system the toyota hybrid system consists a petrol engine along with two motor generators mg. Review on the traction system sensor technology of a rail. A torque tube system is a power transmission and braking technology, that involves a stationary housing around the drive shaft, often used in automobiles with a front engine and rear drive, and rear brakes with or without front brakes, which play no part in it. Electric vehicle components and working principle allelectric vehicles evs have an electric motor instead of an internal combustion engine. Adequate supplies of feed water at regular intervals are required. As explain by aniruddha, traction motors work like any other electric motor. A traction motor is an electric motor used to drive a piece of machinery. The diesel and electric locomotive story and working 24. The overload capacity of steam locomotive is limited. Brushes are placed along the neutral axis of stator field.
Other members of the family are the directcurrent dc motor or generator, the induction motor or. As this increases, the generator can be damaged by the increased voltage. The motors used are induction or asynchronous motors designed to have characteristics suitable for traction. Electric traction control the railway technical website prc rail. Three phase induction motor as traction motor railelectrica. Motor and generator capabilities wabtec corporation.
The same dc machine can be used as a motor or generator. Working of electric motor mainly depends upon the interaction of magnetic field. The underlying principles for the working of a bldc motor are the same as for a. Electric traction b disadvantages because of difficulty of installing a condenser on a locomotive, the steam engines employed are of noncondensing type, therefore, efficiency is very poor 6 to 8%. Be it diesel or electric, locomotives are actually run by a set of electric ac induction motors called traction motors attached to their axles. The rotor and stator windings are connected in parallel. Traction motors in diesel locomotives ee publishers. Before the advent of power electronics, there were some attempts to combine.
In the dc motor, we give one supply to the stator and another to the rotor through brush arrangement. The theoretical speed of the rotor in an induction motor depends on the frequency of. The rotor and stator are each connected from a different power supply, this gives another degree of freedom for controlling the motor over the shunt. Pdf design principles of permanent magnet synchronous. The electric traction motor drives the wheels of the vehicle. We need to give double excitation to make a dc motor to rotate. Wound field motors often use ac to generate the field but will also do just fine with dc, probably with even more torque than when on ac. Axle brushes are used to electrically connect the rotating axles to the body of the locomotive.
Because it runs on electricity, the vehicle emits no. In the case of three phase ac alternating current operation, the most widely used motor is a 3 phase induction motor, as this type of motor does not require an additional starting device. All of these motors work in more or less same principle. When the car is started it runs solely on the electric motor mg. Dc motor working principle part a physics duration. Historically, the dc motor was the mainstay of electric traction drives on both.
Power circuit of locomotive, traction motor operation and sequence of series parallel and series parallel with shunt operation, showed with animated video. Indian diesel locomotives work with six traction motors, one for each axle except the wdp4 wwide gauge, ddiesel, ppassenger which had only four traction motors. Because it runs on electricity, the vehicle emits no exhaust from a tailpipe and does not contain the typical liquid fuel. The working of the ac motor induction motor and synchronous motor.
Ac traction motors have replaced dc motors in many traction applications. Operating principle of an induction motor with a squirrelcage rotor. Hence, the function of the diesel engine is only to generate power for the traction motors and some auxiliary equipment. The below figure shows the parts that consisting in rc servo motors in which small dc motor is employed for driving the loads at precise speed and position. Single phase induction motors arenot a selfstarting motor, and three phase induction motor are a selfstarting motor. Animation showing operation of a brushed dc electric motor. The vehicle uses a large traction battery pack to power the electric motor and must be plugged into a charging station or wall outlet to charge. Unlike a traditional vehicle, where the engine must ramp up before full torque can be provided, an electric motor provides full torque at low speeds. Introduction the railway as a means of transport is a very old idea. Ac induction motor is equivalent to transformer where secondary is short circuited and free to rotate.
Work is expressed in footpounds per second because the element of time is important. The traction motor is a four pole dc series motor in which field winding is connected in series with armature. Included in multiple ul recognized insulation systems. Hall speed sensors also utilize the halleffect, and its working principle is illustrated in figure 3a. Universal motors also formed the basis of the traditional railway traction motor in. We also manufacture generators and generator components for international oems which are powering. Most electric motors operate through the interaction between the motors. At its beginnings, it was mainly utilised in the central european mines with diffe rent means of traction. The railway system division, in its commitment to future progress, has consistently achieved technological breakthroughs on three systems that are shaping the future worldwide. Railway transportation systems for a comfortable future. The traction motor will not be powered or used for propulsion, which can act as generator. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. The vehicle uses a large traction battery pack to power the electric motor and must be plugged in to a charging station or wall outlet to charge.
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